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  2. Food allergy has an increasing prevalence in the general population and in Italy concerns 8 % of people with allergies. The spectrum of its clinical manifestations ranges from mild symptoms up to potentially f...

    Authors: Donatella Macchia, Giovanni Melioli, Valerio Pravettoni, Eleonora Nucera, Marta Piantanida, Marco Caminati, Corrado Campochiaro, Mona-Rita Yacoub, Domenico Schiavino, Roberto Paganelli and Mario Di Gioacchino
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2015 13:27
    Content type: Review Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2015 13:31

  3. Severe asthma (SA) is a clinically and etiologically heterogeneous respiratory disease which affects among 5–10 % of asthmatic patients. Despite high-dose therapy, a large patients percentage is not fully cont...

    Authors: Alessandra Chiappori, Laura De Ferrari, Chiara Folli, Pierluigi Mauri, Anna Maria Riccio and Giorgio Walter Canonica
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2015 13:20
    Content type: Review Published on:

  4. The aetiopathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is still unknown. The role of atopy and the concept of united airways in such patients are still a matter of debate. In this pilot stu...

    Authors: Mona-Rita Yacoub, Matteo Trimarchi, George Cremona, Sara Dal Farra, Giuseppe Alvise Ramirez, Valentina Canti, Emanuel Della Torre, Mattia Baldini, Patrizia Pignatti, Mario Bussi, Maria Grazia Sabbadini, Angelo A Manfredi and Giselda Colombo
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2015 13:23
    Content type: Research Published on:

  5. Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease whose outcome varies from spontaneous remission to chronic refractory disease. Provided that steroids represent the gold standard as a first line treatment, many immune s...

    Authors: Francesco Cinetto, Nicolò Compagno, Riccardo Scarpa, Giacomo Malipiero and Carlo Agostini
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2015 13:19
    Content type: Case Report Published on:

  6. Rhinitis is often the first symptom of allergy but is frequently ignored and classified as a nuisance condition. Ironically it has the greatest socioeconomic burden worldwide caused by its impact on work and o...

    Authors: Oliviero Rossi, Ilaria Massaro, Marco Caminati, Cristina Quecchia, Filippo Fassio, Enrico Heffler and Giorgio Walter Canonica
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2015 13:17
    Content type: Review Published on:

  7. TNF-like ligand 1A (TL1A), a recently recognized member of the TNF superfamily, and its death domain receptor 3 (DR3), firstly identified for their relevant role in T lymphocyte homeostasis, are now well-known...

    Authors: M. Facco, A. Cabrelle, F. Calabrese, A. Teramo, F. Cinetto, S. Carraro, V. Martini, F. Calzetti, N. Tamassia, M. A. Cassatella, G. Semenzato and C. Agostini
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2015 13:16
    Content type: Research Published on:

  8. Allergic respiratory diseases are constantly increasing in prevalence. Allergen Immunotherapy (AIT) represent a valuable therapeutic tool as symptomatic and preventative approach, expecially in children. In It...

    Authors: Massimo Landi, Paolo Meglio, Ermanno Praitano, Carlo Lombardi, Giovanni Passalacqua and Giorgio Walter Canonica
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2015 13:15
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. Crohn’s disease (CD) and Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) are both chronic inflammatory diseases. The pathogenesis of these diseases is multifactorial, due to the interaction of genetic and environmental factors ...

    Authors: Francesco Giudici, Laura Maggi, Raffaella Santi, Lorenzo Cosmi, Cristina Scaletti, Francesco Annunziato, Gabriella Nesi, Giusi Barra, Gabrio Bassotti, Raffaele De Palma and Francesco Tonelli
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2015 13:12
    Content type: Research Published on:

  10. Almost all people in developed countries are exposed to metal nanoparticles (MeNPs) that are used in a large number of applications including medical (for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes). Once inside the ...

    Authors: Claudia Petrarca, Emanuela Clemente, Valentina Amato, Paola Pedata, Enrico Sabbioni, Giovanni Bernardini, Ivo Iavicoli, Sara Cortese, Qiao Niu, Takemi Otsuki, Roberto Paganelli and Mario Di Gioacchino
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2015 13:13
    Content type: Review Published on:

  12. We designed the PROXIMA study (Patient-Reported Outcomes and Xolair® In the Management of Asthma) to determine the proportion of patients with severe asthma sensitive to perennial allergens, and to evaluate asthm...

    Authors: Giorgio Walter Canonica, Marta Bartezaghi, Raffaele Marino and Laura Rigoni
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2015 13:10
    Content type: Research Published on:

  13. Hypersensitivity reactions to anaesthetic agents are rare but often severe, with a mortality ranging from 4 to 9% in IgE-mediated events. Identification of the risk factors may contribute to limit the incidenc...

    Authors: Corrado Mirone, Donatella Preziosi, Ambra Mascheri, Gianluigi Micarelli, Laura Farioli, Luca G Balossi, Joseph Scibilia, Jan Schroeder, Laura M Losappio, Maria G Aversano, Chrysi Stafylaraki, Michele Nichelatti and Elide A Pastorello
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2015 13:11
    Content type: Research Published on:

  14. The prevalence of asthma in the most advanced ages is similar to that of younger ages. However, the concept that older individuals may suffer from allergic asthma has been largely denied in the past, and a com...

    Authors: Nicola Scichilone, Maria T Ventura, Matteo Bonini, Fulvio Braido, Caterina Bucca, Marco Caminati, Stefano Del Giacco, Enrico Heffler, Carlo Lombardi, Andrea Matucci, Manlio Milanese, Roberto Paganelli, Giovanni Passalacqua, Vincenzo Patella, Erminia Ridolo, Giovanni Rolla…
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2015 13:7
    Content type: Review Published on:

  15. Trophoblast HLA-C antigens from paternal origins, which liken the trophoblast to a semiallograft, could be presented by the maternal APCs to the specific maternal CD4+ T helper cells, which could release vario...

    Authors: Marie-Pierre Piccinni, Letizia Lombardelli, Federica Logiodice, Ornela Kullolli, Sergio Romagnani and Philippe Le Bouteiller
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2015 13:9
    Content type: Review Published on:

  16. One of the greatest challenges in cardiovascular medicine is to define the best tools for performing an accurate risk stratification for the recurrence of ischemic events in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patie...

    Authors: Elide Anna Pastorello, Laura Farioli, Laura Michelina Losappio, Nuccia Morici, Matteo Di Biase, Michele Nichelatti, Jan Walter Schroeder, Luca Balossi and Silvio Klugmann
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2015 13:14
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. Despite the use of antibiotics and vaccines, the frequency of respiratory tract infections is still high and these infections interest a wide range of patients, from children to aged people, including in parti...

    Authors: Beatrice E Ferrario, Silvia Garuti, Fulvio Braido and Giorgio W Canonica
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2015 13:8
    Content type: Review Published on:

  19. In the latest decades, epidemiological studies on allergic disorders in children, including atopic dermatitis, rhinitis and asthma, demonstrated a continuous increase in prevalence. However, such studies are u...

    Authors: Nicola Fuiano, Giuliana Diddi, Maurizio Delvecchio and Cristoforo Incorvaia C
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2015 13:2
    Content type: Research Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2015 13:18

  21. Diagnosing peanut allergy properly is important and can be achieved by combining clinical history with various diagnostic methods such as IgE-antibody (IgE-ab) measurements, skin-prick test, basophil allergen ...

    Authors: Susanne Glaumann, Caroline Nilsson, S G O Johansson, Anna Asarnoj, Magnus Wickman, Magnus P Borres and Anna Nopp
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2015 13:5
    Content type: Research Published on:

  22. Obstructive Sleep Apnoea/Hypopnoea Syndrome (OSAHS) is a common disorder in the general population but often underestimated and underdiagnosed.

    Authors: Carlo Lombardi, Eleonora Musicco, Germano Bettoncelli, Manlio Milanese, Gianenrico Senna, Fulvio Braido and Giorgio Walter Canonica
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2015 13:4
    Content type: Research Published on:

  23. Bilastine is a new second generation H1-antihistamine recently approved for the symptomatic treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic urticaria (CU). Bilastine epitomizes the evolution of research on ant...

    Authors: Erminia Ridolo, Marcello Montagni, Laura Bonzano, Cristoforo Incorvaia and Giorgio Walter Canonica
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2015 13:1
    Content type: Review Published on:

  24. Celiac disease is a common autoimmune disease triggered by gluten-containing foods (wheat, barley and rye) in genetically predisposed individuals. We present a patient with celiac disease complicated by severe...

    Authors: Adey Hasan, Hiren Patel, Hana Saleh, George Youngberg, John Litchfield and Guha Krishnaswamy
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2013 11:6
    Content type: Case Report Published on:

  25. Silent Sinus Syndrome (SSS) is known to be a rare clinical condition, characterized by spontaneous and progressive enophthalmos and hypoglobus associated with atelectasis of the maxillary sinus and alteration ...

    Authors: Denisse E Guillen, Paulette M Pinargote and Juan C Guarderas
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2013 11:5
    Content type: Case Report Published on:

  26. Th2 cytokine responses are enhanced by all trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the bioavailable form of vitamin A. Retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα) is the high affinity receptor for ATRA that mediates these pro-Th2...

    Authors: Daniel L Wansley, Yuzhi Yin and Calman Prussin
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2013 11:4
    Content type: Research Published on:

  27. The introduction of component-resolved diagnosis was a great advance in diagnosis of allergy. In particular, molecular allergy techniques allowed investigation of the association between given molecular profil...

    Authors: Eleonora Savi, Silvia Peveri, Cristoforo Incorvaia, Ilaria Dell’Albani, Francesco Marcucci, Giuseppe Di Cara and Franco Frati
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2013 11:3
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. β-lactam allergy is the most commonly reported medication allergy and it remains a key issue in antibiotic prescribing. A detailed and accurate history taking play a key role in preventing potentially serious ...

    Authors: Giovanni Satta, Victoria Hill, Marisa Lanzman and Indran Balakrishnan
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2013 11:2
    Content type: Research Published on:

  29. T regulatory (Treg) cells are important in balancing immune responses and dysregulation of Treg cells has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple disease states including asthma. In this study, our pri...

    Authors: Anne Marie Singh, Paul Dahlberg, Kristjan Burmeister, Michael D Evans, Ronald Gangnon, Kathy A Roberg, Christopher Tisler, Douglas DaSilva, Tressa Pappas, Lisa Salazar, Robert F Lemanske Jr, James E Gern and Christine M Seroogy
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2013 11:1
    Content type: Research Published on:

  30. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and eosinophils are prominent components of allergic inflammation. Therefore, we sought to determine whether TSLP could activate eosinophils, focusing on measuring the regul...

    Authors: Ellen B Cook, James L Stahl, Elizabeth A Schwantes, Kristen E Fox and Sameer K Mathur
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2012 10:8
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. Grass pollen is a major cause of respiratory allergy worldwide and contain a number of allergens, some of theme (Phl p 1, Phl p 2, Phl p 5, and Phl 6 from Phleum pratense, and their homologous in other grasses) a...

    Authors: Francesco Marcucci, Laura Sensi, Cristoforo Incorvaia, Ilaria Dell’Albani, Giuseppe Di Cara and Franco Frati
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2012 10:7
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. Major histocompatibility complex class II deficiency, also referred to as bare lymphocyte syndrome is a rare primary Immunodeficiency disorder characterized by a profondly deficient human leukocyte antigen cla...

    Authors: Naouel Guirat-Dhouib, Yemen Baccar, Imène Ben Mustapha, Monia Ouederni, Sameh Chouaibi, Nadia El Fekih, Mohamed Ridha Barbouche, Bassima Fezaa, Ridha Kouki, Slama Hmida, Fethi Mellouli and Mohamed Bejaoui
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2012 10:6
    Content type: Case Report Published on:

  33. While most allergic responses to food are directed against protein epitopes and occur within 30 minutes of ingesting the allergen, recent studies suggest that delayed reactions may occur, sometimes mediated by...

    Authors: Hana Saleh, Scott Embry, Andromeda Nauli, Seif Atyia and Guha Krishnaswamy
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2012 10:5
    Content type: Review Published on:

  34. Clara cell protein (CC16) is ascribed a protective and anti-inflammatory role in airway inflammation. Lower levels have been observed in asthmatic subjects as well as in subjects with intermittent allergic rhi...

    Authors: Kristina Irander, Jörgen P Palm, Magnus P Borres and Bijar Ghafouri
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2012 10:4
    Content type: Research Published on:

  35. Human mast cells are capable of a wide variety of inflammatory responses and play a vital role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases such as allergy, asthma, and atherosclerosis. We have reported that c...

    Authors: David S Chi, Ta-Chang Lin, Kenton Hall, Tuanzhu Ha, Chuanfu Li, Zong Doa Wu, Thomas Soike and Guha Krishnaswamy
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2012 10:3
    Content type: Research Published on:

  36. The phenomena manifested during inflammation require interplay between circulating effector cells, local resident cells, soluble mediators and genetic host factors to establish, develop and maintain itself. Of...

    Authors: Ena Ray Banerjee and William R Henderson Jr
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2012 10:2
    Content type: Research Published on:

  37. Cow's milk allergy is one of the most common food allergies among younger children. We investigated IgE antibodies to milk, and IgE and IgG4 antibodies to casein, α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin in cow's mil...

    Authors: Komei Ito, Masaki Futamura, Robert Movérare, Akira Tanaka, Tsutomu Kawabe, Tatsuo Sakamoto and Magnus P Borres
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2012 10:1
    Content type: Research Published on:

  38. Type 1 hyper IgE syndrome (HIES), also known as Job's Syndrome, is an autosomal dominant disorder due to defects in STAT3 signaling and Th17 differentiation. Symptoms may present during infancy but diagnosis i...

    Authors: Wilson S Robinson, Sandra R Arnold, Christie F Michael, John D Vickery, Robert A Schoumacher, Eniko K Pivnick, Jewell C Ward, Vijaya Nagabhushanam and Dukhee B Lew
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2011 9:14
    Content type: Review Published on:

  39. Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD), a disorder of the NADPH oxidase system, results in phagocyte functional defects and subsequent infections with bacterial and fungal pathogens (such as Aspergillus species and

    Authors: Casey E Watkins, John Litchfield, Eunkyung Song, Gayatri B Jaishankar, Niva Misra, Nikhil Holla, Michelle Duffourc and Guha Krishnaswamy
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2011 9:13
    Content type: Review Published on:

  40. To examine whether whole genome expression profiling could reveal changes in mRNA expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from allergic patients undergoing rush immunotherapy (RIT) that might b...

    Authors: Laurie S Davis, Sumit Bhutani, Sherry Ridz Barnett and David A Khan
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2011 9:12
    Content type: Research Published on:

  41. Omalizumab, a humanized monoclonal anti-IgE antibody has the potential to alter allergen processing. Recently, it has been postulated the assessment of PHA-stimulated adenosine triphosphate (ATP) activity as m...

    Authors: Inmaculada Sánchez-Machín, Javier Iglesias-Souto, Andrés Franco, Yvelise Barrios, Ruperto Gonzalez and Víctor Matheu
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2011 9:11
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  42. Chronic Granulomatous Disease is the most commonly encountered immunodeficiency involving the phagocyte, and is characterized by repeated infections with bacterial and fungal pathogens, as well as the formatio...

    Authors: EunKyung Song, Gayatri Bala Jaishankar, Hana Saleh, Warit Jithpratuck, Ryan Sahni and Guha Krishnaswamy
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2011 9:10
    Content type: Review Published on:

  43. Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP) is a small vessel vasculitis mediated by IgA-immune complex deposition. It is characterized by the clinical tetrad of non-thrombocytopenic palpable purpura, abdominal pain, arthr...

    Authors: Warit Jithpratuck, Yasmin Elshenawy, Hana Saleh, George Youngberg, David S Chi and Guha Krishnaswamy
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2011 9:9
    Content type: Review Published on:

  44. Objective markers of early airway inflammation in infants are not established but are of great interest in a scientific setting. Exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and urinary eosinophilic protein X (uEPX) are a two ...

    Authors: Fredrik Carlstedt, Dagmara Lazowska, Carl-Gustaf Bornehag, Anna-Carin Olin and Mikael Hasselgren
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2011 9:8
    Content type: Research Published on:

  45. Anti-IgE therapy inhibits mast cell and basophil activation, blocks IgE binding to both FcεRI and CD23 and down regulates FcεRI expression by antigen (Ag) presenting cells (APCs). In addition to its classical ...

    Authors: Barbara Foster, Shabnam Foroughi, Yuzhi Yin and Calman Prussin
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2011 9:7
    Content type: Research Published on:

  46. The field of primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) is one of several in the area of clinical immunology that has not been static, but rather has shown exponential growth due to enhanced physician, scientist and pa...

    Authors: Roshini S Abraham
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2011 9:6
    Content type: Review Published on:

  47. In 2006, the Norwegian Medicines Agency mandated a switch from desloratadine, ebastine, or fexofenadine to cetirizine or loratadine in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) or chronic urticaria (CU). In an onli...

    Authors: Fredrik Thorn, Halvor Celius, Tone Ødegård, Randeep Mandla and Erik Hexeberg
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2011 9:5
    Content type: Research Published on:

  48. Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, allergic inflammatory skin disease that is accompanied by markedly increased levels of inflammatory cells, including eosinophils, mast cells, and T cells. Arctium lappa L. is a tra...

    Authors: Eun-Hwa Sohn, Seon-A Jang, Haemi Joo, Sulkyoung Park, Se-Chan Kang, Chul-Hoon Lee and Sun-Young Kim
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2011 9:4
    Content type: Research Published on:

  49. Patients with allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma demonstrate comparable local and systemic eosinophil inflammation, and yet they present with different clinical pictures. Less is even known about the contri...

    Authors: Mary Kämpe, Ingrid Stolt, Maria Lampinen, Christer Janson, Gunnemar Stålenheim and Marie Carlson
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2011 9:3
    Content type: Research Published on:

  50. Chronic idiopathic urticaria is a condition that is often controllable with antihistamine therapy. However, some patients have disease burden that is difficult to manage, non-responsive to antihistamines and o...

    Authors: Michael C Saavedra and Sanjiv Sur
    Citation: Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2011 9:2
    Content type: Case Report Published on:


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