Table 1 The controversial association between breastfeeding and childhood obesity
From: Breast feeding, obesity, and asthma association: clinical and molecular views
Study | Country | Years | Type of study | Number of participant | Supporting or declining association |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Verstraete et al. [13] | United States | 2014 | Cohort | 196 | Breastfeeding for more than 1 year has a protective effect on the development of obesity in early childhood |
Li et al. [199] | United Kingdom | 2003 | Cross sectional | 2584 | No evidence was found to show that breast feeding influenced BMI or obesity |
Anderson et al. [14] | United States | 2013 | Â | 15,141 | Shorter durations of breastfeeding is correlated with the prevalence of early childhood overweight and obesity |
Jwa et al. [16] | Japan | 2014 | Cohort | Boys = 21,425 girls = 20,147 | Breastfeeding, even for short duration, provides a protective effect against obesity in late childhood, especially for boys |
Von Kries et al. [200] | Germany | 1999 | Cross sectional | 9357 | Breastfeeding might reduce obesity in childhood and consequently adulthood |
Burdette et al. [201] | United States | 2006 | Â | 313 | Breastfeeding and the timing of the introduction of complementary foods were not associated with adiposity at age 5 years |
Gillman et al. [202] | United States | 2008 | Cohort | 1,110 mother–child pairs | The lower risk of overweight at age 3 years is correlated with healthful levels of maternal smoking during pregnancy, gestational weight gain, breastfeeding duration, and infant sleep duration |
Kwok et al. [25] | Hong Kong | 2010 | Cohort | 7026 | Breastfeeding was not shown to be associated with child adiposity |
Kramer et al. [27] | Canada | 2007 | Randomized Controlled Trial | 17,046 | Breastfeeding did not result in reducing the measures of adiposity in healthy breastfed infants |