Table 3 Baseline characteristics of sample clusters defined by expression of inflammatory proteins in 2-year-old children
Cluster 1 n = 56 (%) | Cluster 2 N = 59 (%) | Cluster 3 n = 75 (%) | Cluster 4 n = 12 (%) | p value (Fisher’s exact) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Probiotic | 27 (48) | 25 (42) | 42 (56) | 7 (58) | 0.42 |
Male, gender | 30 (54) | 21 (36) | 31 (41) | 6 (50) | 0.24 |
Atopy (IgE or skin prick positive) | 5 (9) | 12 (20) | 9 (12) | 3 (25) | 0.17 |
Atopy in the family | 40 (71) | 39 (66) | 48 (64) | 9 (75) | 0.84 |
Maternal atopy | 32 (57) | 28 (47) | 39 (52) | 5 (42) | 0.61 |
Smoking in pregnancy | 2 (3) | 3 (5) | 1 (1) | 0 | 0.62 |
Has siblings | 21 (37) | 26 (44) | 29 (39) | 6 (50) | 0.79 |
Pets in the house | 22 (39) | 11 (19) | 19 (25) | 2 (17) | 0.08 |
Birthweight mean, g (SD) | 3546 (485) | 3635 (443) | 3618 (464) | 3650 (492) | 0.75 |
Maternal age mean, (SD) | 30.1, (3.9) | 31.1, (3.8) | 29.9, (4.0) | 30.9, (3.6) | 0.33 |
Cumulative AD | 13 (23) | 20 (34) | 11 (15) | 5 (42) | 0.03 |
Current AD Severity | |||||
Mild | 6 (11) | 8 (13) | 3 (4) | 1 (8) | 0.78 |
Moderate | 2 (2) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.78 |
Relative risk of AD following maternal probiotic supplementation | |||||
RR (95% CI) | 0.26 (0.07–0.97) | 1.09 (0.59–2.02) | 0.61 (0.27–1.37) | 1.87 (0.71–4.88) | – |