House dust mite-related respiratory allergies and probiotics: a narrative review

Table 1 Different probiotic strains that were evaluated in patients with allergic rhinitis.

Probiotic agent	Study population	N	Type of allergic rhinitis/allergen	Primary end point	Statistical significance	References
L. acidophilus and B. lactis	Children	47	Birch pollen	Symptoms score	p = 0.078	[41]
E. coli strain Nissle 1917	Adults	34	Grass pollen	Symptoms score	p = 0.257	[42]
L. johnsonii EM	Children	63	Perennial rhinitis	Symptoms score	p = 0.09	[43]
B. longum BB536	Adults	40	Japanese cedar pollen	Ocular symptoms score	p = 0.04	[44]
L. paracasei (LP-33)	Children	80	Perennial	Quality of life	p = 0.037	[45]
L. paracasei	Children	90	House dust mites	Quality of life	p < 0.0001	[27]
L. paracasei KW3110	Adults	126	Japanese cedar pollen	Symptoms score	p < 0.05	[46]
L. paracasei ST-11	Adults	31	Grass pollen	Nasal provocation test	Ns	[47]
L. paracasei NCC2461	Adults	28	Grass pollen	Nasal congestion	Ns	[48]
L. paracasei 33	Adults	425	Grass pollen	Rhinitis quality of life (RQLQ score)	p = 0.0255	[49]

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