Biological clocks: their relevance to immune-allergic diseases

Table 1 Circadian rhythm of symptoms in immuno-allergic diseases and acute myocardial infarction as example.

Disease	Peak time (h)	Symptom	Peak of cytokine/hormone
Asthma	Early morning	Bronchoconstriction	IL5 07 a.m.
Allergic rhinitis	Early morning	Congestion, sneezing	Cortisol 08–11 a.m.
Rheumatoid arthritis	Early morning 05–08 a.m.	Stiffness, pain	TNF+ IL6 06–08 a.m.
Myocardial infarction	Morning 09 a.m.	Pain	Epinephrine + NE 08–11 a.m.

Time when symptoms are more usually presenting is indicated (peak time) and the time of the highest circadian blood level of cytokines and hormones regulated by biological clocks

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