Table 5 Indications for Pharmacologic Therapy.

National Osteoporosis Foundation [39]

Initiate therapy to reduce fracture risk in women with:

1. BMD T-scores below -2.0 by central DXA with no risk factors

2. BMD T-scores below -1.5 by central DXA with one or more risk factors

3. A prior vertebral or hip fracture

American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists [47]

The following women may benefit from pharmacologic treatment of osteoporosis:

1. Women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (Women with low-trauma fractures and low BMD and women with BMD T-scores of -2.5 and below)

2. Women with borderline low BMD (e.g., T-scores of -1.5 and below) if risk factors are present

3. Women in whom nonpharmacologic preventive measures are ineffective (bone loss continues or low trauma fractures occur)