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Fig. 3 | Clinical and Molecular Allergy

Fig. 3

From: The effect of vitamin D, magnesium and zinc supplements on interferon signaling pathways and their relationship to control SARS-CoV-2 infection

Fig. 3

Primary mechanisms by which VitD regulates the function of dendritic cells and T lymphocytes. In DCs, VitD binds to the VitD-R, which is complexed with RXR in the nucleus. VDR/RXR complex decreases expression of MHC-II, CD40, CD80, and CD86 and enhances the expression of CCL22, IL-10, and IL-T3, which results in the induction of T-cells. The VitD stimulates TCR, which induces VDR expression via the alternative p38 MAPK pathway. Then, VitD binding to VDR leads to inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine expression, including IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-21, and the development of T-reg cells. DC dendritic cell, MHC major histocompatibility complex, CCL22 chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 22, MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase, T-reg cell T regulatory cell

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