From: Small airway dysfunction and poor asthma control: a dangerous liaison
Method | Small airway function | Large airway function |
---|---|---|
Spirometry | FEF25–75%, FVC, FVC/SVC | FEV1, FEV1/FVC |
Impulse oscillometry (IOS) | R5–R20, X5, AX, Fres | R20 |
Single breath nitrogen washout (SBNW) or Multiple breath nitrogen washout (MBNW) test | Slope phase III, CV, CC, Sacin, Scond | Â |
Body plethysmography | RV, RV/TLC | Â |
High resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) | Air trapping, airway wall thickness | Airway wall thickness |
Nuclear medicine (Scintigrapy, SPECT, PET) | Regional ventilation defects | |
3He-MRI | Non-ventilated lung volume | |
Bronchoscopy | Transbronchial biopsy, BAL | Endobronchial biopsy |
Sputum induction | Late phase sputum | Early phase sputum |
Exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) | Alveolar eNO | Bronchial eNO |
CT and computational fluid dynamics | Changes in airway volume and resistance | Â |