Table 3 Possible causes of periodontal disease

Dehydration of alveolar mucosa due to mouth breathing

Alteration of immune response with an increased concentration of IgE and a reduction of secretory IgA

Reduction in salivary flow due to beta 2 agonists

Higher incidence of calculus due to an increased level of calcium and phosphorous in saliva

Decrease in bone mineral density due to inhaled steroids