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Table 1 Hypersensitivity pneumonitis causative antigens

From: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a complex lung disease

Antigen

Source

Disease

Microbes

 Alternaria species

Wood or wood pulp

Woodworker’s lung

 Aspergillus clavatus

Moldy grains

Malt-worker’s lung

 Aspergillus species

Tobacco mold

Tobacco-worker’s lung

 Aspergillus species

Moldy malt

Malt-worker’s lung

 Aspergillus versicolor

Animal bedding

Dog house disease

 Aureobasidium pullulans

Moldy sequoia dust

Sequoiosis

 Aureobasidium species

Contaminated water

Sauna-taker’s disease

 Bacillus subtilis

Detergent enzymes

Detergent-worker’s lung

 Botrytis cinerea

Grape mold

Winegrower’s lung or Späetlase lung

 Candida albicans

Saxophone mouthpiece

Sax lung

 Cephalosporium

Sewage

Sewage-worker’s lung

 Cryptostroma corticale

Moldy maple bark

Maple bark–stripper’s lung

 Merulius lacrymans

–

Dry rot lung

 Mixed amoeba, fungi, and bacteria

Cold mist and other humidifiers, air conditioners

Nylon plant or office worker’s or air conditioner’s lung, ventilation pneumonitis

 Mycobacterium avium

Contaminated water

Hot tub lung

 Mycobacterium species, Gram negative bacilli

Metal-cutting fluid

Machine-worker’s lung

 Mucor stolonifer

Paprika

Paprika-splitter’s lung

 Penicillium casei

Cheese mold

Cheese-washer’s lung

 Penicillium chrysogenum

Moldy wood dust

Woodworker’s lung

 Penicillium frequentans

Moldy cork

Suberosis

 Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula (micropolyspora faeni)

Moldy hay

Farmer’s lung

 Thermoactinomyces vulgaris

Moldy hay, compost

Farmer’s lung, mushroom-worker’s lung, composter’s lung

 Thermoactinomyces sacchari

Sugar cane residue

Bagassosis

 Thermophilic actinomycetes

Moldy plant materials

Farmer’s lung

 Trichosporon cutaneum

Mold in Japanese homes

Summer-type HP

Animals

 Animal fur protein

Animal fur

Furrier’s lung

 Avian proteins

Bird excreta, blood, or feather

Bird-breeder’s lung, bird-fancier’s lung, pigeon-breeder’s lung

 Gerbil proteins

Gerbil

Gerbil-keeper’s lung

 Fish

Fish meal dust

Fishmeal-worker’s lung

 Mollusk shell protein

Mollusk shell dust

Oyster shell lung

 Ox and pork protein

Pituitary snuff

Pituitary snuff–taker’s lung

 Rat proteins

Rat urine or serum

Rodent-handler’s lung

 Silk worm larvae proteins

Silk worm larvae

Sericulturist’s lung

 Wheat weevil

Flour

Miller’s lung

Plants

 Coffee

Coffee bean dust

Coffee-worker’s lung

 Lycoperdon species

Puffballs

Lycoperdonosis

 Soybean

Soybean hulls

Soybean-worker’s lung

Chemicals

 Anhydrides

Plastics

Chemical-worker’s lung, plasticworker’s lung, epoxy-worker’s lung

 Bordeaux mixture

Vineyard fungicide

Vineyard-sprayer’s lung

 Isocyanates

Paints, plastics

Paint-refinisher’s lung

 Pauli’s reagent

–

Pauli’s reagent lung

 Pyrethrum

Insecticides

Insecticide lung

Metals

 Cobalt

–

Hard metal lung disease

 Beryllium

–

Berylliosis

  1. Derived and adapted from Costabel et al [20]