Table 1 Children/adolescents food allergy specific QoL questionnaires

Food allergy quality of life-parental burden (FAQL-PB)

17

Family, school and social events, time employed to prepare foods, physical and mental state

0–17

Parents

parents whose children had multiple (>2) food allergies were more affected than parents whose children had fewer allergies

Internal consistency (test–retest)

Internal: inter-item correlations; external: criterion validity, construct, content

Yes

Cohen et al., USA [26]

Food allergy impact scale (FAIS)

32

Family and social events, field trips, parties, sleepovers and playing at friends’ houses

0–18

Parents

Daily family life (Meal preparation and family social activities)

Internal consistency (test–retest)

Internal: not proven; external: content, face validity

Yes

Bollinger et al., USA [55]

Food allergy parent questionnaire (FAPQ)

18

Parental anxiety/distress, psychosocial impact of allergies, parental coping/competence, and family support

0–18

Parents

Greater number of food allergies, positive history of anaphylaxis: higher scores on the anxiety/distress and psychosocial impact subscales. Internal consistency good for the anxiety/distress and psychosocial impact subscales

Internal consistency (test–retest)

Internal: factor analysis; external: face-validity, content

No

LeBovidge et al., USA [56]

Child health questionnaire parental form-28 (CHQ-PF 28)

28

Issues related to children, parents and family

9

Parents

Lower scores for physical functioning and role/social limitations

Not proven

Not proven

Yes

Östblom et al., Sweden [57]

Food allergy self-efficacy scale for parents (FASE-P)

21

Managing Social activities precaution and prevention. Allergic treatment food allergen identification seeking information about food allergy

0–18

Parents

Poorer self-efficacy was related to egg and milk allergy; self-efficacy was not related to severity of allergy

Internal consistency

External: discriminative, face-validity, construct, convergent

Yes

Knibb et al., UK [22]

Pediatric allergic disease quality of life questionnaire (PADQLQ)

26

Practical problems, symptoms, emotional problems

6–16

Children

A potentially useful outcome measure in the evaluation of systemic treatments in children with multisystem allergic disease

Internal consistency

Internal: inter item-correlations; external: construct, longitudinal

Yes

Roberts et al., UK [58]

Food allergy quality of life questionnaire-parent form (FAQLQ-PF)

30

Emotional impact; food-related anxiety; dietary and social restrictions

0–12

Parents

Domains and total score improved significantly at pos-challenge time-points for pre-challenge and post-challenge. Poorer quality of life at baseline increased the odds by over 2.0 of no improvement in HRQL scores 6-month time-point

Internal consistency (test–retest)

Internal: inter-item correlations, factor analysis, ceiling/floor effect; external: face-validity, content, convergent/discriminative, construct

Yes

DunnGalvin et al., Ireland [21]

Food allergy quality of life questionnaire-child form (FAQLQ-CF)

24

Allergen avoidance and dietary restrictions; emotional impact; risk of accidental exposure;

8–12

Children

Discriminated between children who differed in number of food allergies (>2 food allergies) vs. < or = 2 food allergies

Internal consistency (test–retest)

Internal: inter-item correlations; external: face-validity, content, convergent/discriminative, construct

Yes

Flokstra-de Blok et al., The Netherlands [24]

Food allergy quality of life questionnaire-teenager form (FAQLQ-TF)

23

Allergen avoidance and dietary restrictions; emotional impact; risk of accidental exposure;

13–17

Children

Discriminated between children who differed in number of food allergies (>2 food allergies vs. < or = 2 food allergies)

Internal consistency (test–retest)

Internal: inter-item correlations; external: face-validity, content, convergent/discriminative, construct

Yes

Flokstra-Blok et al., The Netherlands [23]

Food allergy quality of life assessment tool for adolescents (FAQL-teen)

17

Impact of food allergy-related limitations, perception of food allergy as a burden; fear for allergic reactions; disappointment for carrying the adrenaline auto-injector

13–19

Children

Areas most troubling included limitations on social activities, not being able to eat what others were eating, and limited choice of restaurants

Internal consistency

External: face-validity, discriminative, Cross-sectional construct validity

Yes

Resnick et al., USA [39]

You and your food allergy

34

Social well-being and independence, support, day-to-day activities, family relations and emotional well-being

13–18

Children

Discriminates by disease severity

Internal consistency (test–retest)

Internal: inter-item correlations; external: convergent/discriminative, construct

Yes

MacKenzie et al., UK [40]