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Table 1 Main interactions of metal nanoparticles with receptors of the immune cells

From: Engineered metal based nanoparticles and innate immunity

NP

Cells

Effect

Dose/Diameter

Ref

CoNP

Monocyte/Macrophages

-Activation of the innate immune response

 

[26]

-Release of inflammatory cytokines through TLR-4

TiO2NP ZnONP

Human lymphocytes

-No alterations of MDDC phenotype

10 μg/mL

[30]

ZnONP

Human lymphocytes

-Down regulation of CD16 on NK-cells

subtoxic

[30]

AuNP

Macrophages

-Reduction of macrophage response against pathogens

4-45 nm

[32]

-Accumulation of NPs in the lysosomes

-Inhibition of TRL9 function

-Inhibition of TNF-α production