Table 3 Elevated IgE: Etiologies and Evaluation
From: Regulation and dysregulation of immunoglobulin E: a molecular and clinical perspective
Main category | Sub-Category | Examples | Diagnosis |
|---|---|---|---|
Atopy | Respiratory | Rhinitis, asthma, SAM | ST/RAST, PFT, Chest CT scan |
| Â | Food allergy | Peanut/shrimp allergy | Food ST/RAST, Challenge |
| Â | Dermatological | Eczema, urticaria | RAST/Patch, biopsy, culture |
| Â | Other | Allergic Fungal Sinusitis | ST/RAST/Sinus imaging |
Immune Deficiency | Mixed T and B | Omenn syndrome | Flow, Immune tests |
| Â | Syndromic | DiGeorge, WAS, HIES | Genetic, platelet, clinical |
| Â | Dysregulation | IPEX | Treg cell studies |
| Â | Humoral | Selective IgA deficiency | IgA level, functional antibody |
Infection | Bacterial | Pertussis, S. Aureus | Cultures, serology, clinical |
| Â | Fungal | Aspergillus, Candida | Cultures, biopsy, serology |
| Â | Viral | EBV, CMV, HIV | Serology, PCR, cultures |
| Â | Mycobacteria | Leprosy, TB | Clinical, biopsy, culture |
Parasitic infestation | Helminth | Strongyloid, others | Clinical, serology, stool exam |
| Â | Protozoan | Malaria | Clinical, blood smear |
Malignancy | Hematological | Myeloma, Lymphoma | SPEP***, Bone marrow |
| Â | Solid tumor | Lung/colon/Breast | Radiology, biopsy |
Inflammatory | Vasculitides | Kawasaki, PAN*, CSS** | ANCA, biopsy |
| Â | Inflammatory Arthritis | Rheumatoid arthritis | Rheumatoid factor, CCP**** |
Dermatological | Blistering disease | Bullous pemphigoid | Biopsy, antibody |
| Â | Idiopathic | Alopecia areata | Clinical, biopsy |
Systemic disease | Renal | Nephrotic syndrome | Urine protein, biopsy |
| Â | Intoxication | Medications, alcohol | History, toxicology |
| Â | Pulmonary | Cystic fibrosis | CFTR Mutation, sweat chloride |
Others | Miscellaneous | RA, burns, Nicotine | Serology, history etc |